European Union


Liquidity and Sovereignty: The Eurozone Needs a Lender of Last Resort

SWP

This 4-page German commentary argues that the eurozone needs a lender of last resort that supports member countries in the event of liquidity shortages

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-04-20

Nuclear Weapons after the 2010 NTP Review Conference

ISS

This paper analyses the issues affecting the NPT in the lead-up to the 2010 Review Conference that will take place amid rising proliferation concerns and a renewed focus on disarmament

Disarmament & Peacekeeping, European UnionPosted: 2010-04-19

Lessons from the Asian Monetary Fund for the European Monetary Fund

CEPS

This 4-page policy brief draws lessons from the Asian experience for the recent debate in Europe over the feasibility and desirability of creating a European stability fund

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-04-18

Russia in Europe and the West

CEPS

A commentary speculating that circumstances are propitious for a new and positive turn to Russia’s relations with Europe and the transatlantic community

European Union, RegionalPosted: 2010-04-18

Towards a European Energy Community: A Proposal

Notre Europe

This 121-page report looks at European level polices and studies the feasibility of a "European Energy Community"

European Union, EnergyPosted: 2010-04-13

European Social Policy: What's Wrong with EU2020?

ETUI

A 7-page policy brief critically assessing the EU Commission's 2020 strategy paper on social policy

Social Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-04-11

Greece and the IMF

CEPS

A 2-page commentary on the ability of the IMF to support Greece

Economic Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-04-11

How Governments Should Compensate for Defence Spending Cuts

Europe's World

An article puuting the case for a European approach to defence cooperation

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-04-08

Europe Should Stop Taxing Innovation

Bruegel Institute

An 8-page Belgian policy brief arguing that a key element to stimulate innovation and ultimately drive European growth would be to create the long-awaited single EU patent

Science & Technology, European UnionPosted: 2010-04-07

Two Crises, Two Responses

Bruegel Institute

A Belgian essay considering crisis management and prevention in the euro area

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-03-30

Civil Society Building Peace in the European Neighbourhood: Towards a New Framework for Joining Forces with the EU

Microcon

This working paper analyses how the European Union might engage more effectively with civil society organisations in the European Neighbourhood, to improve conflict transformation efforts

Disarmament & Peacekeeping, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-30

Greece's Threat to the Euro

Intereconomics

A US article arguing that Greece now poses a very real existential threat to the continuation of the euro in its present form

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-03-29

Reshaping EU-US Relations:

Notre Europe

A 26-page paperon the future of the Euro-American partnership

Foreign Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-26

The Lisbon Scorecard X: The Road to 2020

CER

A 59-page study arguing that the European Union has to provide new impetus to its reforms

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-03-26

Arms Transfers to Europe and Central Asia

SIPRI

A 12-page Swedish background paper on military expenditure and arms imports in Europe and Central Asia

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-22

The Euro in Crisis

City Journal

A US article on the management of the Eurozone

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-03-22

Permanent Structured Cooperation for Effective European Armed Forces

Egmont

This 6-page Belgian security policy briefoutlines a concrete proposal to implement Permanent Structured Cooperation, the new defence mechanism introduced by the Lisbon Treaty

European Union, Defence, Terrorism & SecurityPosted: 2010-03-20

The Climate Challenge Now Offers the EU a Global Role

Europe's World

An article arguing that climate change offers Europe a chance to play a major role on the global scene in a fast-changing world

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-19

The Future of NATO

CFR

A 45-page US report considering how NATO can adapt to the challenges of the 21st century

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-18

The 'Economic' Implications of the Euro

AJISS

A 4-page Japanese commentary on the "economic" implications of the Euro

Economic Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-17

Breaking Pillars: Towards a Civil-military Security Approach for the European Union

Clingendael

This 97-page Dutch paper illustrates how the Pillar structure of the EU poses a major institutional obstacle to approaching security comprehensively

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-17

Toward a New Start: Approaches to a Strategic Partnership between NATO and Russia

SWP

A 2-page German commentary on improving relations between NATO and Russia

Foreign Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-16

Liquidity and Sovereignty: The Eurozone Needs a Lender of Last Resort

SWP

A 4-page German commentary arguing that the eurozone needs a lender of last resort that supports member countries in the event of liquidity shortages

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-03-16

Iraq in 2010: The Dangers of European Complacency

FRIDE

This Spanish policy brief argues that the EU’s strategy for Iraq remains hopelessly outdated and its influence in Iraq is virtually non-existent

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-15

US Policy towards the Middle East and its Implications for EU Policy

FRIDE

This Spanish working paper calling for a more proactive EU role in the Middle East which takes into account the Gulf states’ aspirations and builds on its credibility

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2010-03-15

Has the EU lost Ukraine?

ISS

This 6-page analysis argues that the EU has not lost Ukraine, but it needs to carefully calibrate its policy so as to maintain the process of rapprochement

Governance & Politics, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-13

The EU and the Global Climate Regime: Getting Back in the Game

FIIA

An 8-page Finnish briefing paper examines the post-Copenhagen position of the EU

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-13

Russia and Europe: The Dangers of a "Reset"

Cicero Foundation

A 9-page paper calling for European realism in its dealings with Russia

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2010-03-12

The Promotion of Human Security in EU Security Policies

CEPS

A 7-page policy brief calling for a comprehensive understanding of the internal/external security landscape from an EU perspective

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-11

Towards Common Standards on Rights of Suspected and Accused persons in criminal proceedings in the EU?

CEPS

This 22-page paper examines the Roadmap for strengthening procedural rights of suspected or accused persons in criminal proceeding in the EU

Crime, Law & Order, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-11

A Greek Endgame?

CEPSA

This 2-page commentary argues that the Greek debt crisis has exposed a structural problem of the eurozone as a whole created by the fact that the monetary union is not embedded in a political union

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-03-11

NATO and the (Re-)Constitution of Roles: “Self”, “We” and “Other”?

DIIS

A 24-page Danish working paper seeking to unravel some of the complex processes of constituting and re-constituting NATO’s roles

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-08

Future Impacts of Climate Change across Europe,

CEPS

A 27-page working paper reviewing the potential impacts of climate change on 11 key indicator categories and 3 large regions covering the entire European Union

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2010-03-03

Into EurAsia: Monitoring the EU’s Central Asia Strategy

CEPS

This 157-page volume offers the first assessment of the ambitious strategy to upgrade the EU’s cooperation with the five states of the Central Asia region: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2010-03-03

European Energy: The ‘Solidarity’ Conundrum

CSS

This 4-page Swiss policy analysis sets out the flaws in European energy policy

European Union, EnergyPosted: 2010-03-01

Lisbon: A Second Shot

Bertelsmann Stiftung

A 7-page German brief devoted to the EU 2020 strategy, due to replace the Lisbon Strategy

Economic Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-25

The New Commission's Economic Philosophy

CER

An 8-page policy brief on the economic philosophy of the new EU Commission

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-02-25

New Challenges and New Beginnings for European Development Cooperation

ODI et al.

A 94-page joint report from four think tanks considering how European collaboration and action on international development can be reinvigorated

International Development, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-24

Collective Bargaining Responses to the Economic Crisis in Europe

ETUI

This 7-page policy brief provides an overview of collective bargaining responses to the crisis in Europe

Employment, Industrial Relations & Training , European UnionPosted: 2010-02-19

A Grand Strategy: Does it Matter in the Real World?

Egmont

This 4-page Belgian policy brief examines the need for a European Grand Strategy for its security

European Union, Defence, Terrorism & SecurityPosted: 2010-02-15

To Rule The Waves: Why a Maritime Geostrategy is Needed to Sustain European Union

Egmont

A 7-page Belgian security policy brief arguing that Europe should begin to focus more on maritime geostrategy

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-15

The Kosovo Protection Corps. A Critical Study of its De-activation as a Transition

NUPI

This 38-page Norwegian report analyses the transformation process in which the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC) was closed down and the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) activated

Disarmament & Peacekeeping, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-12

The EU, China and India: The Promise of Trilateral Engagement

Clingendael

A 3-page Dutch paper arguing that while the EU does engage with China and India in multilateral forums that it promotes, such as the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM), a more focused and regular trilateral engagement is likely to be more effective over the longer term in influencing and shaping the Sino-Indian relationship

Foreign Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-11

The Limits of China's Soft Power in Europe: Beijing's Public Diplomacy Puzzle

Clingendael

A 42-page Dutch paper discussing the effectiveness of China's exercise of soft power in Europe

Foreign Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-11

Command and Control? Planning for EU Military Operations

EUISS

A 52-page occasional paper assessing the effectiveness of the European Union’s capability for the planning and conduct of military operations

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-07

Why Does Spain not Have a Policy for Latin America?

FRIDE

This 5-page Spanish policy brief argues that since the region is not a priority for the EU, Latin America offers an excellent platform for Spain to develop an independent policy and influence the European agenda

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2010-02-07

The Rise of Budget Support in European Development Cooperation: A False Panacea

FRIDE

European aid donors are delivering a higher share of development aid directly to governments in the form of budget support. While this offers potential for enhancing local accountability within developing states, this 5-page Spanish policy brief argues that the way it is being implemented in practice is having a negative impact

International Development, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-07

Mind the Gap: Healing the NATO Rift over US Tactical Nuclear Weapons in Europe

BASIC

A 9-page paper on the need for NATO to search for new and credible solutions to break out of the Cold War mould that bedevils the organization, threatens its cohesion, and brings doubt to its fundamental purposes

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-06

The Taxation of Multinational Enterprises in the European Union

CEPS

This 6-page policy brief sets out possible approaches to designing an efficient trans-border corporate tax system for the European Union

Taxation, European UnionPosted: 2010-02-06

The Obama Moment: European and American Perspectives

EUISS

This 252-page study analyses the impact of Barack Obama's election on trans-Atlantic relations and the dilemmas that radical change in American foreign policy cause for the EU as a global player

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2010-01-29

Cooperation with the Kremlin

Bertelsmann Foundation

An 8-page German paper explaining how Russia and the EU have differenct concept of the meaning of security

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-29

EU-UN Cooperation in Peacebuilding: Partners in Practice?

UNIDIR

A 194-page report presents recommendations for how the EU might strengthen the EC–UN operational partnership and support efforts to improve external coherence in peacebuilding

Disarmament & Peacekeeping, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-28

Automatic Stabilizers and Economic Crisis: US vs. Europe

CESifo

This 39-page working paper analyzes the effectiveness of the tax and transfer systems in the European Union and the US to act as an automatic stabilizer in the current economic crisis

Economic Policy, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-22

Combating the Financing of Terrorism: EU Policies, Polity and Politics

EIPA

A 7-page article discussing the activities and initiatives undertaken by the European Union in Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT)

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-20

Reduction of Employment Protection in Europe: A Comparative Fuzzy-Set Analysis

CESifo

This 32-page working paper explores the conditions of the reduction of employment protection in Europe and takes a closer look at the combination of causal factors

Employment, Industrial Relations & Training , European UnionPosted: 2010-01-20

Understanding the Dynamics of European Politics

EIoP

This 28-page article counters fears that the development of a Europe of Variable Geometry, where distinct countries are able to select their policy preferences from a menu of historical policy options rather than signing up for new policy initiatives, provides a basis for destabilizing the European Project

European Union, Governance & PoliticsPosted: 2010-01-19

Which Common Policy for Agriculture and Rural Areas beyond 2013?

Notre Europe, SIEPS

The 96-page report of a conference held to review the need for a reform of the CAP

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-01-19

Sarkozy’s Three-way NATO Bet

"Europe's World"

This article argues that President Sarkozy’s move to returning France to full NATO membership is intended to strengthen it while at the same time hastening NATO’s reform

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-18

If the EU Reneges on Balkan Enlargement It’s at its Own Peril

"Europe's World"

In this article, a former German Interior Minister warns of potentially disastrous consequences if the accession drive isn’t revived

European UnionPosted: 2010-01-18

EU Standards of Democratic Governing: The Only Way to Desovietize Public Administration in Ukraine

ICPS

A 5-page Ukrainian article arguing that the root cause of the failure of Ukraine's government is the incomplete, fragmented desovietization of the country

Governance & Politics, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-15

The Impacts of Enlargement on the Central and Eastern European Countries

KIEP

This 74-page Korean paper deals with the process of EU enlargement, focusing on the negotiations and their consequences. It gathers arguments in favour of joining the European Union on the side of the new members. Moreover, it addresses traditional and new community policies that have to cope with the new challenges, starting from the decision-making process and the reforming of the common agricultural policy, through budgetary considerations to desirable new activities of the enlarged Union in economic, social and political areas

European Union, Governance & PoliticsPosted: 2010-01-14

Transition Report 2009: Transition in crisis?

EBRD

The 2-page executive summary of a report that focuses on the challenges posed by the global financial crisis for the EU's transition region, both for the countries directly, and for the economic strategies they have followed since the collapse of communism.

European Union, Economic PolicyPosted: 2010-01-11

Beyond Stockholm: Overcoming the Inconsistencies of Immigration Policy

EPC

This 98-page working paper offers suggestions about a future European immigration and asylum policy

Immigration & Refugees, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-11

Europe in the 21st century: Perspectives from the Lisbon Treaty

CEPS

A 297-page collection of essays analysing the changing equilibria in common policies, institutional settings and mechanisms of legitimisation of the European Union and sketching out possible scenarios for the 21st century

European Union, Governance & PoliticsPosted: 2010-01-09

On Track: Moldova Wants EU Integration, but Needs to do its Homework First

CEPS

This 2-page commentary asserts that moves by Moldova towards further visa liberalisation and a deep and comprehensive free trade area with the EU will largely depend on the sustainability and operability of the new government

Governance & Politics, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-09

A Need for Strategy in a Multipolar World: Recommendations to the EU after Lisbon

Egmont

A 6-page Belgian brief arguing that Brussels needs to (1) develop a grand strategy to define the true purpose of its foreign policy; (2) forge solid strategic partnerships with key global players; and (3) contribute to the building of a new effective multilateral system which takes into account the new global structure of power

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2010-01-08

Medvedev's Plan: Giving Russia a Voice but not a Veto in a New European Security System

SSI

This 121-page US study addresses the question of how to give Russia a voice but not a veto in a new European security system and provides some provocative recommendations

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-08

British Defence Policy at a Crossroads: East of Suez Revisited?

CSS

This 3-page Swiss analysis addresses plans of the British government to come up with a new Strategic Defence Review (SDR)and its potential implications

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-08

The Eastern Partnership: Towards a New Era of Cooperation between the EU and its Eastern Neighbours?

Clingendael

The 22-page revised Dutch overview paper of a seminar held to analyse in what ways the EaP can enhance and deepen cooperation between the EU and its Eastern neighbours

European Union, RegionalPosted: 2010-01-07

Getting Better: the European Union's Performance in the World Health Organization

Global Health Europe

A 17-page summary report analyzing the performance of the EU in the WHO

Health, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-07

Muslims in Europe: A Report on 11 EU Cities

OSI

This 341-page US report captures a snapshot of the experiences of Muslim communities in selected neighborhoods in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, Antwerp, Berlin and Hamburg, Copenhagen, Leicester and Waltham Forest–London, Marseille and Paris, and Stockholm

Immigration & Refugees, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-07

Proposals from the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on the New European Security Treaty: Origins and Prospects

IISS et al.

A statement of Russian proposals for a new European security architecture made at a London conference in December 2009

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-06

Strength in Numbers? Comparing EU Military Capabilities in 2009 with 1999

EUISS

This 4-page policy brief examines how much progress has been made in the past ten years in reforming the EU's military capabilities

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-04

Back from the Cold? The EU and Belarus in 2009

EUISS

This 111-page paper aims to provide in-depth empirical analysis on Belarus which, due to its long-standing isolation, remains a blank spot on the European map

European Union, Governance & PoliticsPosted: 2010-01-04

Beyond Copenhagen: Securitising Climate Change

FRIDE

This 5-page Spanish policy brief explains that one of the main imperatives beyond Copenhagen will be to incorporate the geopolitical dimensions of climate change fully into a broadened external energy security policy

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-04

The Stockholm Programme: Europe's Next Step to be an "Area of Freedom, Security and Justice"

FIIA

A 7-page Finnish briefing paper explaining the scope and implications of the EU's Stockholm Programme

European Union, Governance & PoliticsPosted: 2010-01-04

The End of "Euro-romanticism" in Ukraine

SWP

This 4-page German commentary explains the Origins of anti-Western sentiments in the current Ukrainian presidential campaign

Governance & Politics, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-04

Asylum and Immigration Cooperation after Lisbon

SWP

This 4-page German commentary takes a critical look at the prospects for reform in European asylum and migration policy

Immigration & Refugees, European UnionPosted: 2010-01-04

The EU as a Strategic Actor in the Realm of Security and Defence?

SWP

This 170-page German study systematically takes stock of the strengths and weaknesses of the policy instrument of ESDP missions and operations, assessing their relevance and effectiveness as an instrument of European crisis management and the contribution they make to honing the EU's capacity to act on security and defence matters

European Union, Defence, Terrorism & SecurityPosted: 2010-01-04

The Copenhagen Accord - A First Stab at Deciphering the Implications for the EU

CEPS

This 8-page commentary is a first attempt at deciphering the implications of the Copenhagen Accord for the EU.

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2009-12-29

Tajikistan: 'Revolutionary Situation' or a Resilient State?

CEPS

This 6-page policy brief assesses the extent to which the danger of state failure is in fact real by outlining developments in the key areas of economy and security, and examining the regime’s coping capacity to deal with emerging challenges

European Union, Governance & PoliticsPosted: 2009-12-29

Europe: Nice Location, Shame about the Neighbours

Europe's World

An article arguing that Europe’s biggest challenge in coming decades is how it will get along with the Islamic world, and warns that Europe needs to shake off its habitual passivity on the Palestinian issue

European Union, Foreign PolicyPosted: 2009-12-18

Public and Private Pensions: Lessons from the Crisis

ETUI

This 6-page policy brief considers the lessons to be drawn from the current economic crisis for both private and public pensions

Ageing, European UnionPosted: 2009-12-16

The Consequences for Europe of the Global Crisis

Europe's World

An article assessing the consequences of the global economic crisis for Europe

European Union, Globalisation & International TradePosted: 2009-12-11

NATO, Russia and European Security

CER

This 26-page working paper considering what sorts of risks the NATO alliance faces from Russia, and how best to respond to them

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2009-12-08

Europe’s Share of the Climate Challenge

SEI, with FoEE

This 68-page Swedish report examines how Europe can show leadership in keeping global climate change within these limits: firstly, by undertaking domestic actions to rapidly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and secondly, by fulfilling its international obligations to help other countries address the twin crises of climate change and development

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2009-12-08

Modelling the Effects of the EU Common Agricultural Policy

Productivity Commission - Australia

An 88-page Australian study evaluates the economic aspects of the CAP

European Union, Globalisation & International TradePosted: 2009-12-03

Gazprom’s Changing Fortunes

CEPS

This 4-page commentary details the woes facing the natural gas market in Europe of reduced consumption and oversupply and the consequent low prices on the spot market

Energy, European UnionPosted: 2009-12-02

Flexible Mechanisms in Support of a New Climate Change Regime: The Clean Development Mechanism and Beyond

CEPS

The 68-page report of a task force created to consider the current operation and the continuation of the Kyoto mechanisms and well as the possibilities through the Bali Action Plan for introducing new mechanisms and tradable units after 2012

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2009-12-02

The EU Non-proliferation Clause: A Preliminary Assessment

SIPRI

This 20-page Swedish paper critically surveys the record of implementation of the WMD clause

Disarmament & Peacekeeping, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-26

A New Security Architecture for Europe? Russian Proposal and Western Reactions

Egmont

A 6-page Belgian security brief discussing how Russia is proposing to fix de jure the political commitments undertaken within the OSCE and the NATO-Russia Council

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-25

Ensuring Rights for All in Europe: Challenges for the Council of Europe and the European Union

Clingendael

A 10-page Dutch seminar overview paper on how best to ensure human rights, rule of law and democracy for all in a future Europe

Human Rights, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-24

The Revival of Atlanticism in NATO? Changing Security Identities in Britain, Norway and Denmark

NUPI

This 58-page Norwegian report argues that despite changes in the transatlantic security landscape, “Atlanticism” has survived as a particular national security orientation on the European political arena and inside NATO

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-24

Getting into the Right Lane for 2050

PBL, Stockholm Resilience Centre

This 106-page Dutch-Swedish study identifies key policy junctions at which the EU will soon face strategic choices. This assessment highlights the substantial potential the EU has through its regulatory powers to establish a long-term investment framework for essential infrastructure and to act as a global player

European Union, Climate Change & EnvironmentPosted: 2009-11-23

The European Security Architecture Two Decades after the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Can Russia be Integrated?

SIPRI

A Swedish essay on the need for a sincere and critical effort to review the European security architecture

Defence, Terrorism & Security, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-20

Immigration, Income and Productivity of Host Countries:

CEPII

This 41-page French working paper investigates the contribution of immigration to income and productivity of host countries

Immigration & Refugees, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-19

Overcoming Fragility in Africa: Forging a New European Approach

Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies

This 219-page report, the first edition of the "European Report on Development" focuses on the issue of fragility in its various dimensions, on its implications for development policies and on the approached to tackle it

International Development, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-18

How to Reform the EU Budget? A Methodological Toolkit

SIEPS

A 75-page Swedish study integrating insights from a number of disciplines so as to facilitate better decision-making on EU expenditures

European UnionPosted: 2009-11-17

The European Union's Potential for Strategic Emissions Trading Through Minimal Permit Sale Contracts

CESifo

This 37-page working paper explores how the EU could benefit from making permit trade agreements with non-EU countries

Climate Change & Environment, European UnionPosted: 2009-11-17